Session 4: Identifying The Secondary Sentence Elements

Exercise Your Knowledge

Indicate whether the bold words from the sentences are adjectives (ADJ), adverb (ADV), nouns (N), prepositional phrases (PP), verbal phrases (VP), subordinate clauses (SC), or appositives (AP). Just write the initials of the sentence elements.

Example: The (a) angry tiger jumped (b) quickly (c) across the plain.
Answer: (a) ADJ (b) ADV (c) PP


1. Valentino Rossi, (1) a Moto GP world champion, was (2) left-handed.
2. (3) Sailing across the stormy ocean, the ship began (4) to rock.
3. Politicians (5) who deceive the public should be (6) heavily punished (7) by the government.
4. Lana worked in a (8) fancy restaurant (9) under the bridge.
5. Our (10) national monument, (11) Monas, is our (12) national treasure.
6. (13) Putting away the fire-extinguisher, the fat fireman stepped (15) bravely (16) into the burnt building.
7. The (17) glass building shone (18) beautifully (19) in the sunlight.
8. The King Cobra, (20) a ferocious snake, strikes (21) quickly and (22) deadly.
9. (23) Some birds (24) migrate seasonally although they have to go (25) a very long distance.

This is all the questions we have for you for this time. Take your time to finish them and hope for the best.
We’ll see you at the next post!

session 4: Secondary Sentence Elements

Session 4: Work On Your Sentence Grammar 2

Greetings Friends..
We learn a lot from the first until the third session, and it is time for us to move on to the next subject. The main elements are important to build a sentence, but there are other parts or other elements equally important to construct a sentence.

I need to remind you to at least understand the main elements in a sentence before you proceed, as it will get trickier from this moment on. If you feel reluctant, feel free to check out our earlier posts and do the exercises.
This time we would like to discuss about the other sentence elements (besides subjects, verbs, objects, complements, and expletive); the Secondary Sentence Elements.

The Secondary Sentence Elements are: Adjectives (ADJ), Nouns used as modifier (N), Subordinate Clauses (SC), Verbal Phrases (VP), Prepositional Phrases (PP), Adverbs (ADV), Appositives (AP), and the last; Modifiers of Modifiers (MM).

Let’s begin with the lesson, shall we?

The Adjectives (ADJ)
Adjective is used to modify nouns in a sentence.
Example: A red car parked across the building. (Modifies car)

The Adverbs (ADV)
Adverb is used to modify verbs and adjectives.
Example: The night is quite cold. (Modifies cold)

Nouns used as modifier (N)
Noun used as modifier means that a noun can be modified by other noun.
Example: The bathroom door is transparent. (Modifies door)

Subordinate Clauses (SC)
Subordinate Clause can be used to modify a sentence element.
Example: A singer who wants to succeed must practice hard. (Modifies the subject singer)

Verbal Phrases (VP)
Verbal Phrase can be used to modify the main sentence element.
Example: Peeping from the keyhole, he saw everything. (Modifies he as a subject)

Prepositional Phrases (PP)
Prepositional phrase is also used to modify any main element in a sentence.
Example: The judge in the court was ruthless. (Modifies judge, the subject)

Appositives (AP)
The appositive is used in a sentence to explain the noun and to elaborate its meaning.
Example: Ricardo Kaka, AC Milan’s future captain, points to the sky. (Explain the noun Ricardo Kaka)

Modifiers of Modifiers (MM)
Modifier of Modifiers is used to modify the secondary sentence element by expressions.
Example: The district chief attorney is retiring due to health issue. (Modifies chief which modifies attorney)

I believe that is all I can share with you this time. Hopefully you will gain advantages from this post. If you want to test your knowledge, then click on the next post titled exercise and answer all the questions. If you get them all right, then you can be sure you have mastered the Secondary Sentence Element session.

We’ll see you all next time, next post..

7 tips for saving your money 2

Hello, my fellas. How do you do? Have you read the article entitled “7 tips to save your money” in the last session?. I hope that you have read it. In this session, I just want to prove my statements about the last article by giving the examples to you so that you can understand. Let’s get started.

1. Be a miser

Miser can generally be considered as a person who loves money and hates spending it. It can be categorized into two groups namely money and time miser. There is a difference between money and time miser in accordance with the point of view each other. Money miser assumes that the money is more important and valuable than the time. In contrast, the time miser assumes that the time and money are very important.

2. Long-term planning

Long-term planning is a planning that is used to run something will last or have an effect over a long period of time. For instance, you have determined something that you want to buy, such as a car. Before buying it, you are supposed to have a long-term planning for your budget whether it is sufficient or not. If your budget is not still sufficient, you will have to make long-term planning in order to save your money.

3. Think about your future

The main reason why you need to think about your future with respect to the money is that you will have much money in the future. Some people generally only tend to think about the present time without thinking the future time. In addition to those, you may not forget about your past time. The main reason is that your present and future time are formed by your past time. This reason is similar to when you want to save your money. For example, in the past time you did not have enough money to buy your primary’s daily needs so that you had got to borrow money from your friends, but now you have much money. Your past time plays an important role for you not to repeat something similar twice when you do not have money. Hence, you are aware of saving your money which will be used in the future.

4. Make a financial report

Financial report is a list that includes the summary of income and outcome for a certain period, for example a month, three months, and a year.

Here I will give my reference how I can save my money

Revenue Rp800.000,00

Consumption Rp5000,00 X 3 times X 30 days = Rp450.000,00

Transportation Rp6000,00 X 20 days = Rp120.000,00

Rp570.000,00

Rp230.000,00

From my financial report, we can see the summary of income and outcome. The sum of money that I can save at the end of the month is Rp230.000,00. This financial report will help you find out the overall income and outcome during a month. If you want to try something as what I have done, please go ahead.

5. Be patient not to buy the secondary’s daily needs

It is vital to distinguish between the primary’s and secondary’s daily needs. The primary’s daily needs consist of food and water because all the humans need to eat and drink for their survival. Accordingly, you are supposed to prioritize to buy the primary’s daily needs instead of the secondary’s daily needs.

6. Be a good manager

Everyone that knows how to conduct the money well can be a good manager. Conducting the money is a very simple way. There are three ways that everyone can choose such as making a financial report, a long-term planning, and an objective as a significant part of being a good manager. This time I want to emphasize that you need an objective why you need to conduct your money well. Before conducting your money, it is advisable for you to have an objective why you want to save your money. For example, you save money owning to your willpower to buy something that you want. So, your objective is to buy something that you want.

7. Stop using your credit cards

Using your credit cards without limitation can endanger your finance. For example, you buy the ostentatious jewelries, the home-appliances, the electronic machines, and so on by using your credit cards. You will be aware of using your credit cards perpetually from the bank when you have a large number of bad debts that you have got to pay every month.